This course builds on previous presentations on First Ladies by focusing on their participation (or lack thereof) in the presidential campaigns of their spouses. First Ladies' roles in presidential campaigning evolved significantly over time, reflecting changes in U.S. electoral practices, the increasing role of women in national political life, and the emergence of new technologies. Tensions between the public and private spheres, what women chose to do either covertly or overtly, often shaped how First Ladies figured as campaigners in their spouses presidential contests.